Productive Social Safety Net (PSSN) phase two
Contribution ID : SE-0-SE-6-14350This website displays open data about Swedish aid, which shows when, to whom and for what purpose Swedish aid is paid out, as well as what results it has produced. This page contains information about one of the contributions financed with Swedish aid.
The Productive Social Safety Net Project (PSSN II) is expected to contribute to Tanzania's efforts to eradicate extreme poverty and provide beneficiary households the opportunity to: (i) mitigate the impact of chronic poverty through increased household consumption; (ii) to create adequate incentives for beneficiary to send children to schools (particular to s...
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The Productive Social Safety Net Project (PSSN II) is expected to contribute to Tanzania's efforts to eradicate extreme poverty and provide beneficiary households the opportunity to: (i) mitigate the impact of chronic poverty through increased household consumption; (ii) to create adequate incentives for beneficiary to send children to schools (particular to secondary schools) and to regularly visit health facilities; (iii) to support beneficiaries to enhance knowledge and understanding of savings and income generating activities; and (iv) timely and predictable cash benefits. PSSN II will reach around 1.4 million households, when fully scaled-up, estimated to improve lives of some seven million people living in extreme poverty. Sida is proposing support of 550 MSEK to PSSN II during the years 2020-2024. Sida has previously supported phase one, PSSN I, with 750 MSEK 2016 - 2020. The first phase was followed by extensive evaluations which showed that the program had clear results for reducing income poverty, improving food security and children’s enrolment in school, as well as increasing productive investments that enable households to increase their income. The design of phase two builds on the strong parts of phase one with cash transfers at the core, and develops further the public works component as well as the livelihood component. There is an enhanced focus on vulnerable groups, including children and people with disabilities and an enhanced focus on cross-cutting issues such as gender, environment, participation and accountability. The project will expand from targeting extremely poor households in 70% of Tanzanian communities to target this group in the whole country. The project consists of two components; 1) Productive Household Support (Benefits and Services) 2) Strengthening Institutional Capacity and Integrated Delivery Systems. Integrated systems development will be supported through investments in strategies for targeting, re-certification and exit, development of the National Social Registry and Management Information System tools, citizen engagement, systems for payment, communication, monitoring and evaluation and gender integration. The World Bank provides the main financial contribution to PSSN II of 450 MUSD in IDA-loans, while bilaterals plan to contribute approximately 90 MUSD Sida (60), Norway (15), Switzerland (15) and Irish Aid (2). Funding is also provided by Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (1,4) and Financial Sector Deepening Trust (1,2). Great Britain will provide support to PSSN II but has not yet specified the amount. The EU commission will also allocate 12,67 M Euro in support to PSSN. The Tanzanian government has committed 14 MUSD to the budget which is about 2% of the total budget. However there is also a substantial indirect contribution by the Government of 110 MUSD during the program period through salaries and staff emoluments at regional and local levels. The implementation of PSSN II has a funding gap of 267 MUSD and the Government of Tanzania is expected to add a gradually increasing amount to the implementation.
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Result
Below follows a selection of examples of achieved results for PSSN II during the budget year 2022/2023. Updated data comes primarily from the last join review mission issues paper in June 2023 as well as insights from joint field visits in early July 2023. - Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) The PSSN programme targets women as recipients of cash transfers. According to the results framework with data from 30 March 2023 over 80 % of PSSNs direct beneficiaries are women, and about 56 % of all direct and indirect beneficiaries are women. Given that women are far more likely to exercise control over the use of their own cash, targeting women is an empowering feature of the program design and likely to contribute to reducing gaps in poverty and resilience. In 2023/2024 a total of six payment windows of CCT payments were made In the last payment window carried out 5-16 of June 2023, 1 332 734 households were paid. The average CCT transfers was 32 9300 TZ. . - The roll out of the new disability grant A key progress during 2022/2023 was the introduction of the disability grant. The roll out of the disability grant is a large achievement for PSSN II as it is the first type of safety net benefit for persons living with disability available at the national level. In brief, the disability grant is a bi-monthly payment for beneficiary households living with persons with disabilities to compensate for the extra costs associated with having a disability. The grant, while modest, 5 000 TZ, per month, has potential to make a difference for the most vulnerable families, not the least for women who are the prime caregivers. The disability grant was not part of the parent project PSSN I, but instead introduced to PSSN II. The roll out has been a rather lengthy processes due to preparatory work and coordination with government stakeholders. Between 2020 and 2022, data on beneficiary household members living with disabilities were collected by TASAF and validated by the President's Office - Regional Administration and Local Government (PO-RALG) staff (which has the legal mandate on matters concerning disability in the country). Furthermore, other challenges encountered during the exercise included stigma around disability where beneficiary families were even hiding family members with disabilities. Sensibilisation campaigns were needed in order for the community to understand the purpose of the verification and the potential support offered by the programme. By end of January 2023, the verification of PSSN beneficiaries living with disabilities was completed in all 186 PAAs, with close to 200,000 individuals being classified as having a disability. Of these, about 112,000 were classified having a severe disability. In the last June payment window 100,238 households having persons with disability were paid. - Basic livelihoods activities The Basic livelihood support package aims at promoting self-employment and wage employment opportunities through savings and investment promotion, basic economic literacy trainings and by linking beneficiaries to households to extension agents. As of February 2023, the implementation of basic livelihood support had begun in 133 PAAs. In 2022/2023 the implementation of basic livelihood had reached 86 PAAs, thus above the targeted 72 PAAs. During the same period 19,960 saving groups have been formed, thus beyond the target of 13,670. These groups have a total of 269,078 members, (38,149 males and 230,930 females) in all 86 PAAs. Members in the savings groups are being trained on behavioural nudges to gradually push beneficiaries toward financial services and to educate them on the importance of savings. Over 90 percent of beneficiaries of basic livelihood enhancement activities are women. The savings groups are considered as an important mechanism for women to access finance for individual productive investments. The savings groups have bene instrumental in addressing gender gaps and has served as entry point to reach more women and men through self coordinated platforms. Some groups also use the savings for joint income generating activities such as making soaps or baskets. PAA officers are meant to assist the savings groups to register and link up with financial institutions. Beneficiaries who graduate from PSSN are encouraged to stay in the savings groups. The savings groups are thus likely to promote womens economic empowerment in the longer term. - Enhanced livelihood package The enhanced livelihood support package provides a more comprehensive set of livelihood support activities to beneficiary household. The package which is designed to prepare the beneficiaries to exit the programme includes savings group, entrepreneurial skills training and livelihood grants. Three payment rounds, thus six months, after the beneficiaries has received the grant the beneficiaries exit the program. The productive grant is a strong enabler for womens economic empowerment. Up to 95 percent of those receiving productive grants are women. Beneficiaries who have attended savings groups, attended trainings and developed a viable business plan may apply for a livelihood grant to finance a household enterprise or invest in a specialised skills training to access wage employment. Depending on the business plan the beneficiary can receive up to a total of 500 000 TZ, paid in two tranches. The LE activities are also helping beneficiaries diversify livelihoods, build resilience to climate change and shift away from climate vulnerable livelihood options. In 2022/2023 a total of 26, 374 beneficiaries from 36 PAAs were trained in Basic Livelihood Skills. A total of 43,877 beneficiary households were paid their 1st installment of the productive grant amounting 10 824 MTZ. A total of 20,255 BHH from 9 PAAs have received their 2nd installment of 4 030 MTZ. Out of those only two PAAS, Chamwino and Kibaha have not full covered with 1st installment. Furthermore, a total of 38,832 beneficiary households have received coaching and mentoring from extension officers for their business work. In the next financial year 2023/2024, the productive grant will be given to 50,000 beneficiary and thereby reaching the revised end target of 100,000 beneficiary for PSSN II. The target was originally 200 000 but as advised at the review mission in January 2023 the target needed to be revised due to budget constraint and the large initial delays in rolling out the productive grant. More specifically, there were delays in rolling out the trainings, entering data on beneficiaries and the previous requirement of all productive grants to be paid as e-payment instead of also allowing cash payment during the CCT payment window - Gender action plan During 2022/23 TASAF has continued making progress on the implementation of the PSSN IIs Gender Action Plan. The plan aims to build a competent and functional gender team within TASAFs management unit, to train at least 80 percent of the programs local implementers, to increase monitoring efforts to focus on womens economic empowerment, and to strengthen the programs GRM to address womens needs. Example of work gender mainstreaming activities in 2022/23: - 134 National facilitators (male 85 and 49 female) trained on how to integrate gender during livelihoods implementation - A total of 3,158 PAA Facilitators (2,008 Males, 1,150 females) from new 72 PAAs oriented the community level on gender related issues in public works programme rom 5,769 villages in 72 PAAs. - A total 10,379 villages and more than 660,000 enrolled households beneficiaries were provided with gender awareness during public works programme training execution and expected to participate in PW sub-project implementation -During enrolment of PW household beneficiaries, protocols for female exemption were taken care whereby a total 1,777 female beneficiaries were temporary waved from work due to either lactating or pregnancy, while still receiving their wages - Grievance mechanism and Gender based violence In 2022/2023 TASAF carried out a mission to advance the work on Gender Action Plan and the grievance redressal mechanism with focus on gender-based violence (GBV) at the community level. The assessment revealed that the beneficiaries know about the Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) but do not follow the formal procedure of reporting grievances which is to report to the CMC or members of the Village Council assigned to handle grievances. Beneficiaries prefer reporting to the Village Executive Officer who either resolves the issues by explaining the procedures or refers the complainant to the PAA facilitator or coordinator. Furthermore, beneficiaries are generally not aware of all channels to report grievances as per program protocol except for reporting to VEOs, PAA facilitators and discussing among themselves when aggrieved. Knowledge on the toll free number to report on GRM is limited. Beneficiaries acknowledged that there are incidences of GBV in the communities such as wife battering and children abuse. Only few cases of intimate GBV are reported either to community leaders, religious leaders and family members. Main reason for not reporting GBV cases especially partner GBV is to maintain privacy. - Recertification process A key issue which was been a rather sensitive topic for discussion during the second half of the 2022/2023 budget year has been the need of existing CCT beneficiaries due to budget constraints. The budget constrain relates to the decision to extend the PSSN programme until September 2025 while retaining the original budget of 883 USD. The programme has from the very start had a budget gap of about 230 MUSD, however due to delays in the implementation the budget deficit has up to now not been an issue. As part to the approval of the extension of the programme the WB committed to an additional 200 MUSD in IDA loans, together with some additional funding from bilateral DPs this closed the budget gap. However, following the extension, and not the least due to the running costs linked to a two-year extension, the original budget required a significant revision. The largest component of the programme is the CCT, which expanded more than what was planned in 2021. The original design envisioned CCT beneficiaries to peak at close to 1,220 000 households during the third year of implementation, to then decline to around 1 million households by project closing (or the fourth year of implementation). Due to the extraordinary economic conditions imposed by the pandemic the CT instead expanded to at 1,375,107 households. At January 2023 join review mission different scenarios for exiting CCT beneficiaries were discussed, before TASAF and WB agreed on about 400 000 beneficiaries to exit. Bilateral development partners have raised concerns about reducing the CCT which is the most efficient component of the programme in terms of poverty reduction and concern also about families exiting to fall back to poverty. The WB shared these concerns, and an agreement was reached with TASAF that the exiting of households which will be carried out following a Proxy means test (PMT) gradually and over a period of two years, focusing first on villages which have been receiving PSSN support since 2015. Beneficiaries to exit the program will be selected following the program-sanctioned targeting methodology, which combines community-level targeting followed by the uniform and objective application of the proxy-means testing formula, which is currently used by TASAF to assess households socio-economic conditions. - Reflections from joint review mission to Kondoa The process of recertifying families had as of June 2023 been carried out in 51 PAAs. It is worth stressing that the recertification process is a big undertaking for TASAF which requires trainings of PAA facilitators, distribution of tablets to use during the interviews and information session on the process to beneficiaries. Furthermore, as being requested to exit the programme is a large change for the beneficiaries it is key that the process is carried out correctly and that the process is well understood by the beneficiaries and the communities. One of the districts where beneficiaries have been recertified and concerned beneficiaries informed about a pending exit is Kondoa district. The district was visited as part of joint review mission in June-July 2023 by a group of DPs and TASAF staff members. The Embassy of Sweden attended the field mission and by interviewing beneficiaries and local stakeholders the Embassy, as well as other members of the mission, got the impression that the recertification process may not have been fully accurate in some areas. During the joint wrap of mission of the field visits, the Embassy shared insights regarding the complaints from beneficiaries and the perceived inconsistency between an excited and a non-excited household. As a follow up it was agreed that a WB and TASAF meeting will be held end of July to discuss measures to improve the quality of the data collected during the recertification. Measures which will be discussed includes the need of carrying out a sample of household visits or presence of village leaders or CMC members during the Proxy means tests interviews to ensure the beneficiaries answers truthfully. The Embassy will follow up on these discussions. Follow up plan - Recertification: Follow up on the WB and TASAF meeting planned for end of July on the recertification process and possible additional measure to improve the quality of the data provided by household and possible sample household visits. The Embassy will try to montior recertication exercise, eg during the payment window in Sep. - The Gender working group: As the the Embassy from 1 September will be reinforced by programme officer Pontus Korsgren, discussions with TASAF will take place during the second half of 2023 on how the Embassy and other DPs can support the gender work further and revitalise the gender work group. - Missions and meetings: As a co-chair of the cross-cutting working group 6 the Embassy will attend the bimontly meetings TASAF- DPs. The Embassy will as DP co-chair invite for a bilateral DPs meeting in Sep/Oct. In addition to the next joint follow up mission in January 2024, the Embassy will carry out additional bilateral follow up visits, most likely linked to the recerfication process.
The objective of the project is to improve access to income-earning opportunities and socio-economic services for targeted poor households while enhancing and protecting the human capital of their children. The expected outcomes of the project is to; improve consumption for about 1.4 million households; engage households in improved income-generating activities; increase school-enrollment and health seeking behaviour for children; improve access to community assets and services. The project aims to reach the objective through timely and predictable delivery of transfers to beneficiaries, combined with skills training, grants and promotion of savings. Households will also receive additional benefit as an incentive to send their children to school/regularly attend health check-up and a number of sub-projects will be constructed through the public works component that will improve community assets.
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