UNICEF & Naturvårdsverket: Förbättrad luftkvalitet på västra Balkan
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Programmet är ett samarbete mellan UNICEF och Naturvårdsverket som syftar till att ta itu med luftföroreningar i regionen genom att stärka nationella och lokala myndigheters kapacitet som ansvarsbärare när det gäller luftkvalitetsledning och luftkvalitetsdata. Samtidigt ska programmet också lyfta barns och ungdomars röster som rättighetsinnehavare, för att för...
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- C01 - Projektstöd
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Programmet är ett samarbete mellan UNICEF och Naturvårdsverket som syftar till att ta itu med luftföroreningar i regionen genom att stärka nationella och lokala myndigheters kapacitet som ansvarsbärare när det gäller luftkvalitetsledning och luftkvalitetsdata. Samtidigt ska programmet också lyfta barns och ungdomars röster som rättighetsinnehavare, för att förändra policy och sociala normer. Programmet genomföras i Albanien, Bosnien och Hercegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro, Nordmakedonien och Serbien.
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Resultat
UNICEF Implementing Partners (IPs) representing a range of different CSOs have been identified and contracted in all six territories. UNICEF and IPs identified youth participants through open calls in line with UNICEF criteria (gender, equity, vulnerability, ethnic background, marginalized, pollution levels in the municipality, and balanced geographical coverage in each territory). 1,336 young people from 95 municipalities have been directly engaged, and an additional 6,403 young people indirectly engaged, including 1,050,001 people reached via digital platforms, contributing to outcomes 1 and 2. UNICEF's role is to monitor, guide, and support the implementing partners in each step. Progress on outcome 1: - directly engage and train 1,336 young people (60.5% girls) from 95 municipalities on environmental and air quality issues. 3-4 days training by environmental experts. - Improved understanding of key environment and air quality issues that matter for youth in their communities (e.g. transport, heating, energy, waste, etc.). Youth participants raised awareness in their communities through street actions, school presentations, art graffiti, panel discussions with experts, social media posts, infographics and videos. - UNICEF Country Offices (Albania, Serbia, and Kosovo) engaged 235 young people to develop innovations for addressing air pollution. 28 innovative solutions were chosen and awarded. Progress on outcome 2: - 95 municipalities supported in developing different advocacy methods to address air pollution and to engage with local and/or national authorities. - Position papers (Albania), AQ Declaration (Serbia) and letters directly to the institutions (North Macedonia). Finding the right balance in the advocacy narrative was an important factor for youth to consider, to gain interest from government institutions responsible for the environment and air quality. SwEPA contributed by providing technical input and at the same time recognized the important role youth could play in their work. - Regional network meeting with SwEPA with the opportunity for youth to engage with relevant institutions (e.g., ministries, agencies, hydrometers). UNICEF supported 18 youth activists to participate, who shared their experiences and engaged in a dialogue with the government representatives and SwEPA experts. - UNICEF Country Offices engaged the private sector (Business Advisory Councils, Chambers of Commerce, etc.) to share their expertise and to promote green jobs and internships related to improving air quality. SwEPA and SMHI Outcome 1: Increased processing capacity for emissions data (in targeted institutions in North Macedonia and Montenegro) Progress on this outcome is on the expected level. Institutions started to share data through the file sharing platform HIVE, have a raised awareness of the scope of their data after in-depth discussions, and there is active participation from experts at central and local government levels for processing emissions data, especially in North Macedonia. Follow-up from autumn 2023: Local interest and commitment have increased. Outcome 2: Partner institutions have improved their guidance to local self-governments regarding air quality management. Progress on this outcome meets the expectations until now. There is a clear interest from the EPA in Montenegro and MoEPP in North Macedonia to improve guidance and to participate in developing guidance materials. A proposal regarding potential measures for a catalogue of measures was presented to both MEPA and MoEPP by SwEPA. Follow-up from autumn 2023: The catalogue of measures is currently being adapted and further developed in accordance with the needs identified in the workshop meetings. The Child and Youth Sensitivity Analysis that SwEPA did together with UNICEF has been used to identify child and youth sensitive measures for the catalogue. The catalogue will also include gender sensitive measures. Outcome 3: Increased Public Access to air quality data and information (in Montenegro and North Macedonia) Progress on this outcome meets the expectations so far. Experts at central level, from Montenegro and North Macedonia as wells as some others countries, participate in the development of transparent and accessible AQ data. The preliminary AQ Data Portal has been developed by SMHI and is being adjusted after feedback from stakeholders. The subsequent implementation schedule is however to be delayed for reasons outside of SwEPAs or SMHIs control. Follow-up from autumn 2023: The update to RAVEN means the finalised AQ Data Portal will receive a few last adaptations. The implementation will then be possible if the RAVEN upgrade is deployed by the EEA. Outcome 4: Inclusive regional dialogue on availability, acquisition and usage of Air Quality data established. Progress on this outcome so far is on the expected level when it comes to work with countries in the region. The network meeting was a success. Progress on this outcome with relation to the work of UNICEF and SwEPA/SMHI is very good. UNICEF has demonstrated interest in using EU requirements as the basis for activities and SwEPA and SMHI have increased integration of perspectives of children and youth in AQ management activities. Follow-up from autumn 2023: Network meeting 2 was held in November 2023 and was focused on air quality plans, as they are currently necessary in several local self-governments in the WB region. In the future, based on the newly revised air quality directive, there will need to be even more air quality plans. A child and youth sensitivity analysis of air quality plans was conducted in autumn 2023 in order to improve the child and youth perspective in future plans.
The programme has a joint Theory of Change (ToC) with the overall objective to "support the countries of the Western Balkans by strengthening national and local government capacities as duty bearers with respect to air quality governance and air quality data, whilst also facilitating the voices and recommendations of children and youth as rights holders, to improve air quality policy and change social norms." The focus of UNICEF will be on two outcomes relating to Children and Youth as Agents of Change and will strengthen youth-led air pollution advocacy efforts across the region. In developing this component of the proposal, efforts were made to consult with youth to identify key challenges and develop meaningful and impactful programme activities. Such consultations will remain an important part of programme implementation and monitoring over the coming years. Outcome 1: Increased education and awareness around key air quality issues Outcome 2: Improved mobilization and coordination of action for children and youths on air quality SwEPA, in close collaboration with the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI) will focus on four outcomes supporting national and local authorities and institutions ambitions to fulfil requirements in the EU-accession process regarding air quality and emissions data, and public access to environmental information. Outcome 1: Increased processing capacity for emissions data (in targeted institutions in Nort Macedonia and Montenegro) In all countries of the region, there is a lack of data at the local level for developing emissions inventories, which are a critical prerequisite for action planning to improve air quality and a requirement under the Ambient Air Quality Directive. The project will together with 1-2 municipalities in the pilot countries develop a toolkit that enables municipalities to make better use of existing data and draw on pre-set data from EEA and other sources. The work will strengthen capacities of institutions at local and central levels to work with Emissions Inventorying and will improve the basis for making effective AQ action plans in municipalities. Outcome 2: Partner institutions have improved their guidance for local self-governments regarding air quality management. The Ambient Air Quality Directive requires countries to develop local AQ action plans when there are exceedances to set levels of air pollution. This obligation often falls on local governments. Capacities in AQ management at the local government level in the region are overall low, often with only a few individuals working with environmental issues. Dialogue with the Network of Local Authorities of South East Europe (NALAS) and national institutions in the region suggest that current guidance in AQ management mainly consists of the distribution of legislation and regulations. SwEPA will support the national level governments to increase and improve their guidance to municipalities in order to strengthen local governments possibilities to fulfill their obligations. Outcome 3: Increased Public Access to air quality data and information (in Montenegro and North Macedonia) All countries of the region are reporting AQ data to EEA on an annual basis using the Raven system. All countries have databases for storing their air quality data but only North Macedonia makes some of this data available to the public. Disseminating historical data online would allow the public, researchers, journalists and other interested parties to analyse developments and trends in AQ over a longer period and would also allow governments to show results of measures taken to improve air quality. The project will develop an open-source air quality portal that will enable MoE/EPA to improve their disseminate near real time and historical data from Raven through the institutions current websites. The project further aims to increase knowledge of the national institutions to improve accessibility of AQ information for different groups of women, men, girls and boys by discussing communication and accessibility in relation to the websites and by supporting practical capacity development. Outcome 4: Inclusive regional dialogue on availability, acquisition and usage of Air Quality data established. Component 4 aims to facilitate the establishment an inclusive regional dialogue on AQ Management and invites all countries of the region to participate, contribute to development in the program and to benefit from the outcomes. By including topics of gender equality and rights perspective in the agendas of the meetings, the network events are also expected to increased awareness and capacity among partner institutions, SMHI/SwEPA and on girls and boys perspectives in AQ management.
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